Cannabis has long since been in the middle of the discussion table, attracting both praise for its potential therapeutic properties and criticism for its potential harm. Given the increasing acceptance and usage of cannabis, it is essential to deeply understand its effects on mental health. Let’s explore how cannabis interacts with conditions such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.
Starting with anxiety, the relationship between cannabis use and the state of anxiety is multifaceted. On the one hand, some preliminary research suggests that low doses of certain cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), could hold therapeutic potential for anxiety disorders. According to a scientific review published by Neurotherapeutics, CBD may reduce anxiety-related behaviors in people with conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder in small controlled doses.
However, high doses or prolonged use of cannabis, predominantly strains with higher levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can contribute to increased feelings of anxiety and paranoia. This is where self-medication through cannabis can have a counterproductive effect.
When it comes to depression, again, the relationship is not simple. Some users report that cannabis helps lift their mood, reduce stress, and alleviate depressive symptoms. Yet, in contrast, solid evidence indicates a correlation between heavy or long-term cannabis use and the onset or worsening of depression symptoms. A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that adolescents and young adults with a high frequency of cannabis use seem to have an increased risk of depression and suicidal behavior in adulthood.
In the case of mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder, there are reported cases where cannabis seems to offer relief from symptoms, particularly during manic episodes. However, the Harvard Medical School points out that the most extensive review of the mental-health effects of marijuana concluded that there’s a significant risk of developing bipolar disorder among regular marijuana users.
For schizophrenia, the picture is quite clear: cannabis use, particularly those strains high in THC, can trigger psychotic symptoms. Regular cannabis use is consistently associated with increased risk for developing psychotic illnesses, according to a study published in Psychological Medicine. This link becomes stronger with more frequent use, early-onset use, and use of high-THC strains of cannabis.
It’s important to note that cannabis, despite its natural origins, falls within the classification of psychoactive substances. These substances can significantly affect the mind and mental processes, influencing mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. While not all psychoactive substances have negative effects, their impact largely depends on the substance itself, the dose consumed, the method of intake, individual vulnerabilities, and the context of usage.
In the quest for comprehension of the convoluted relationship between cannabis and mental health, research is actively ongoing. The key takeaway thus far is that while cannabis, particularly CBD, may have therapeutic potential for some mental health conditions, its misuse can also contribute to exacerbating symptoms or even initiate the development of mental conditions.
In conclusion, the use of cannabis, especially for self-medication, should be approached with caution. It requires a detailed understanding of individual psychoactivity responses, expert guidance, and accurate information for the balance between benefits and risks to be optimally maintained. As our understanding of cannabis and its interaction with mental health evolves, so too will our potential for harnessing its benefits whilst mitigating its potential harm.
