Cannabis continues to become more and more mainstream, with various US states and countries around the world adopting new policies for the plant’s medicinal and recreational use. Despite this growing popularity, the impact of cannabis on mental health is still not thoroughly understood. There are supporters and critics that are readily available to share their opinions on how cannabis affects mental health, with studies and research pointing to both positive and negative outcomes. This article discusses some of the prevalent issues like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, addiction, and psychosis when it comes to the impact of cannabis on mental health.
One of the major concerns regarding cannabis use is its potential link to schizophrenia. There is evidence to suggest that frequent cannabis use, particularly during adolescence, can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. This would mean that there may be a greater risk for younger cannabis users. However, it is essential to note that this association does not necessarily imply causation – individuals with a predisposition for schizophrenia might also be more likely to use cannabis.
Similarly, cannabis use has been associated with an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder in some individuals. Again, this does not mean that cannabis use directly causes bipolar disorder, but there may be an indirect connection through other factors, such as genetic predisposition or environmental triggers.
There are also mixed findings when it comes to cannabis use and anxiety. While some people claim that cannabis helps them cope with anxiety symptoms, others report experiencing increased anxiety after using the plant. A review of 10 studies published in 2021 found that moderate-to-high quality evidence supported using medicinal cannabis for anxiety. However, more research is needed to determine the best strains, dosages, and modes of administration.
Similar to anxiety, the reported effects of cannabis on depression can vary depending on the individual. Some people claim that cannabis helps alleviate symptoms of depression, while others report aggravated depressive thoughts after using the substance. Long-term use of cannabis may even be a risk factor for developing depression. This potential risk should be seriously considered, especially among young users who already exhibit depressive symptoms.
One of the most consistent concerns surrounding cannabis use is the risk of addiction. Cannabis is the most commonly used psychoactive substance worldwide, and it is estimated that at least 1 in 10 cannabis users will develop a dependence. Long-term, heavy cannabis users may experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit, similar to those experienced by individuals addicted to other substances. Additionally, frequent cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of developing an addiction to other substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.
Lastly, cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of psychosis, a condition characterized by a disconnection from reality, often with hallucinations and delusions. While the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis is complicated and likely influenced by various factors, it is essential to recognize this potential risk, particularly for individuals with a personal or family history of psychotic disorders.
In conclusion, the impact of cannabis on mental health is complex and continues to be the subject of ongoing research. It is crucial that individuals considering cannabis use understand the potential risks and benefits, weighing their options carefully with the assistance of medical professionals. Moreover, it is necessary for policymakers and healthcare providers to remain informed of the latest research to ensure appropriate guidance, support, and regulation is in place for cannabis use.
