The study of the botanical substance, Cannabis, dates back millennia, but our understanding of its stimulating properties, medical benefits, and potential risks is still growing. A deep dive into the science behind cannabis reveals the complex system of cannabinoids, terpenes, and receptors that underpin cannabis function, and how they interact with our bodies to produce its myriad effects.
Cannabis owes its psychoactive properties primarily to a cannabinoid known as Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a plethora of therapeutic effects to Cannabidiol (CBD). These are just two out of the hundreds of cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant.
Cannabinoids interact with our bodies through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a key cellular-signaling system involved in maintaining homeostasis. This system is made up of endocannabinoids (cannabinoids produced naturally in our bodies), receptors that these bind to, and enzymes for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids. THC and CBD imitate the function of endocannabinoids, binding or interacting with these receptors, thereby influencing various physiological processes.
Terpenes, responsible for the distinctive aroma of cannabis, also play a critical role in cannabis’ effects. They are believed to interact synergistically with cannabinoids in what is known as the ‘entourage effect’ – enhancing the therapeutic benefits of individual compounds.
The strength of cannabis effect also hinges on the bioavailability of its compounds, which is significantly influenced by the method of consumption. Smoking or vaporizing cannabis allows for the quick absorption of cannabinoids into the bloodstream. In contrast, ingestion requires the cannabinoids to g navigated through the digestive system, limiting their bioavailability but prolonging the effect.
Much of current cannabis-centered research deals with understanding cannabis genetics, and how it impacts the plant’s production of cannabinoids and terpenes. The genetic variation between Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis – the three primary species of cannabis – leads to a wide range in potency, appearance, growth habits, and medical applicability.
Another fascinating aspect of cannabis science extends to its storage and aging. Similar to other organic matter, cannabis is subject to degradation over time, which can affect the potency, flavor and the overall quality of the product. Factors including light, temperature, and humidity can facilitate the conversion of cannabinoids into other compounds, alter terpene profiles, and lead to the growth of molds – all reasons behind monitoring and controlling storage conditions in cannabis degradation studies.
Lastly, a considerable amount of cannabis science focuses on cannabis extraction methods. Different methods extricate different concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes, and remove unwanted aspects like chlorophyll and waxes. Additionally, selective cannabinoid extraction enables the creation of cannabis products tailored to specific therapeutic needs.
In conclusion, the science of cannabis is a multidimensional sphere encompassing biology, chemistry, and neuroscience. Despite significant strides in the field, there’s still much to uncover when it comes to maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing the risks of this enigmatic plant. As we continuously study and harness different aspects of cannabis – from its genetics to degradation – we edge closer to a future where our knowledge of cannabis can serve to better individual wellbeing and public health.